专题08定语从句 目录 考点归纳 易错分析 考点练透(考点归纳,易错分析,考点练透+真题模拟) 考点归纳 关系代词引导的定语从句 分类 关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 关 系 代 词 who 人 作主语、宾语 whom 人 作宾语、表语 whose 人或物 作定语 that 人或物 作主语、表语、宾语 which 物 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 as 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 (一)who,whom和whose引导的定语从句 1.who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 如:I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to. 2.whose指人的或物的,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用of which代替,指人时可用of whom代替。 如:My eldest son,whose work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment. Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. (二)that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物,但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点: 只用that引导定语从句的情况。 (1)先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,the one等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some等修饰时。 (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 (4)先行词被the only,the very (正是,恰是), the last修饰时。 (5)先行词既有人又有物时。 (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 只用which引导定语从句的情况。 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。 (3)先行词本身是that时。 (4)关系代词后有插入语时。 (三)as引导的定语从句 1.as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...,such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 如:We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 2.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 如:As anybody can see,the elephant is like a snake. The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. She married again,which was unexpected. (四)whose引导的定语从句 whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时,“whose+名词”可以换为“the+名词+of which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+of whom”。 如:The newly built cafe,the walls of which(=whose walls) are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work. (五)定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致;先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。 如:The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 2.“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词,且关系代词在 从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。 如:He is one of the students who have made great progress. He is the only one of the students who has ma ... ...