强化语篇意识，优化研究发现型说明文解题思路（学生版） Learning objectives By the end of this class, you are expected to be able to: 1. Identify and summarize the structure and discourse marker words of a research exposition. 2. Apply strategies such as focusing on topic sentences, high frequency words and synonyms(同义词) to reading comprehension exercises. 3. Figure out the testing points and design some questions by yourselves. Teaching procedures Step 1 Reading for structure Passage one: The Secret Language of Plants (外研版 选必一Unit 5) ① Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people. ②With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy(幻想), new research has revealed(揭露) something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. ③ It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases(释放) tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I'm being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects - the wasps(黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides(农药). ④ More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli(辣椒) plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating(暗示,表明) drought is arriving. ⑤ Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web” It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables(电缆) and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(真菌). This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”(网络犯罪). Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perha ... ...
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