【弯道超车】专题08 助动词-2025年九年级年级英语暑假自学习精讲精练(通用版)(含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 暑假自学课 | 英语学科 【弯道超车】2025年九年级年级英语暑假自学习精讲精练 （通用版）专题08 助动词 一、助动词的定义与功能 1、助动词（Auxiliary Verbs）是一类帮助实义动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构的特殊动词。助动词本身没有完整的词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。 2、助动词的四大功能： （1）构成时态（如：be构成进行时，have构成完成时） （2）构成语态（如：be构成被动语态） （3）构成疑问句和否定句（如：do/does/did） （4）表示语气（如：should表示建议） 二、助动词的分类 1. 基本助动词 助动词 主要功能 示例 be (am/is/are/was/were) 构成进行时态和被动语态 She is singing. / The book was written by him. have (has/had) 构成完成时态 I have finished my homework. do (does/did) 构成疑问句和否定句 Do you like music / He doesn't know. 2. 情态助动词（详见情态动词讲义） 常见情态助动词 can/could may/might must shall/should will/would 三、助动词的基本用法 1. be助动词的用法 构成进行时态： 现在进行时：am/is/are + 现在分词 She is watching TV now. 过去进行时：was/were + 现在分词 They were playing football at that time. 构成被动语态： 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken worldwide. 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 The letter was sent yesterday. 2. have助动词的用法 构成完成时态： 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词 I have seen this movie before. 过去完成时：had + 过去分词 When we arrived, the train had left. 3. do助动词的用法 构成疑问句： Do you like coffee （一般现在时） Did he go to school yesterday （一般过去时） 构成否定句： I don't know the answer.（一般现在时） She didn't come to the party.（一般过去时） 加强语气： I do love you! He does speak good English. 四、特殊注意事项 1、助动词的省略： 在简单句的肯定句中不使用do助动词 错误：I do like apples. 正确：I like apples.（除非特别强调） 2、助动词后的动词形式： be助动词后接现在分词（进行时）或过去分词（被动语态） have助动词后接过去分词 do助动词后接动词原形 3、多个助动词连用： 完成进行时：have + been + 现在分词 I have been waiting for an hour. 被动语态的完成时：have + been + 过去分词 The work has been finished. 4、助动词的缩略形式： is → 's are → 're have → 've has → 's had → 'd will → 'll would → 'd 五、常见错误分析 1、助动词重复使用： 错误：Does he likes music 正确：Does he like music 2、时态混淆： 错误：She is went to school. 正确：She went to school. / She is going to school. 3、被动语态错误： 错误：The book was write by him. 正确：The book was written by him. 4、否定形式错误： 错误：I not like swimming. 正确：I don't like swimming. 1． —Who____drawing —Sandy and I ____. A．is good at; do B．does well in; do C．are good at; are D．does well in; are 2． —____you like playing with the boys —Yes, I do. A．Would B．Will C．Do D．Are 3． Bob has few friends in his new school, ____ A．has he B．does he C．doesn't he 4．We a baseball. A．don't has B．not have C．don't have D．aren't have 5．— How often _____ your father wash clothes —_____ . My mother does it. A．does; Usually B．do; Never C．does; Never 6． _____ your parents eat meat every day —Yes. But my brother only _____ veg ... ...